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Environmental Review Toolkit

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Roadside Use of Native Plants

Partial Composition of 129 Types or Plant Communities

Alaska

AK1 Hemlock-spruce forest
(Tsuga-Picea)
AK2 Spruce-birch forest
(Picea-Betula)
AK3 Black spruce forest
(Picea)
AK4 Muskeg
(Eriophorum-Sphagnum-Betula)
AK5 Alder thickets
(Alnus)
AK6 Cottonsedge tundra
(Eriophorum)
AK7 Watersedge tundra
(Carex)
AK8 Dryas meadows and barren
(Dryas-Carex-Betula)
AK9 Aleutian meadows
(Calamagrostis-Anemone)
AKIO Aleutian heath and barren
(Empetrum-Vaccinium)

Hawaii

H11 Sclerophyllous forest, shrubland, and grassland
(Heteropogon-Opuntia-Prosopis)
H12 Guava mixed forest
(Aleurites-Hibiscus-MangileraPsidium Schinus)
H13 Ohia lehua fores
(Metrosideros-Cibotium)
H14 Lama-manele forest
(Diospyros-Sapindus)
H15 Koa forest
(Acacia)
H16 Koa-mamani parkland
(Acacia Deschampsia-Myoporum-Sophora)
H17 Grassland, microphyllous shrubland, and barren
(Deschampsia-Styphelia-Vaccinium)

Puerto Rico

PRI Subtropical dry forest
(Bosque seco subtropical)
PR2 Subtropical moist forest
(Bosque humedo subtropical)
PR3 Subtropical wet forest
(Bosque muy humedo subtropical)
PR4 Subtropical rain forest
(Bosque pluvial subtropical)
PR5 Lower montane wet forest
(Bosque muy humedo montano bajo)
PR6 Lower montane rain forest
(Bosque pluvial montano bajo)

48 Contiguous States

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
1 Spruce-Cedar-Hemlock-Forest	Dense forests of tall needleleaf evergreen trees, rarely with an admixture of broadleaf deciduous trees	Picea stichensis Sitka spruce Thuja plicata western red cedar Tsuga heterophylla western hemlock	Abies grandis Alnus rubra Chamaecyparis lawsoniana (southern part) Pseudotsuga menziesii
2 Cedar-Hemlock-Douglas Fir Forest	Dense forests of very tall needleleaf evergreen trees	Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas fir Thuja plicata western red cedar Tsuga heterophylla western hemlock	Abies grandis Acer circinatum Acer macrophyllum Berberis nervosa Gaultheria shallon Rubus spectabilis In southernmost part only: Pinus lambertiana Pinus ponderosa
3 Silver Fir-Douglas Fir Forest	Dense forests of tall needleleaf evergreen trees with patches of shrubby undergrowth	Abies amabilis Pacific silver fir Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas fir	Abies grandis Abies procera Acer circinatum Arctostaphylos nevadensis Pachystima myrsinityes Rhododendron macrophyllum Thuja plicata Tsuga heterophylla Vaccinium membranaceum

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
4 Fir-Hemlock Forest	Dense or medium dense forests of low to medium tall needleleaf evergreen trees	Abies lasiocarpa subalpine fir Tsuga mertensiana mountain hemlock	Abies amabilis Picea engelmannii Pinus albicaulis Pinus contorta Pinus monticola Pseudotsuga menziesii Vaccinum spp. Xerophyllum tenax
5 Mixed Conifer Forest	Tall, needleleaf, evergreen trees, occasionally with broadleaf trees and shrubs	Abies concolor white fir Librocedrus decurrens incense cedar Pinus lambertiana sugar pine Pinus ponderosa ponderosa pine Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas fir	Arctostaphylos mariposa Arctostaphylos patula Ceanothus integerrimus Chamaebatia foliolosa Pseudotsuga macrocarpa (southern part only, where it may dominate) Quercus chrysolepis Quercus kelloggii Ribes nevadense Ribes roezlii Rubus parviflorus
6 Redwood Forest	Dense forests of very tall needleleaf, evergreen trees, sometimes with much undergrowth	Pseudotsuga menziesii Douglas fir Sequoia sempervirens redwood	Abies grandis Gaultheria shallon Lithocarpus densiflorus Myrica californica Oxalis oregona Polystichum munitum Rhodendron macrophyllum Tsuga heterophylla Vaccinium ovatum Vancouveria parviflora Whipplea modesta

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
7 Red Fir Forest	Tall dense forests of needleleaf evergreen trees with patches of shrubby undergrowth	Abies magnifica red fir	Castanopsis sempervirens Ceanothus cordulatus Ipomopsis aggregata Pinus contorta Pinus jeffreyi Pinus monticola Populus tremuloides
8 Lodgepole Pine-Subalpine Forest	Fairly dense to quite open needleleaf evergreen forest; medium tall in lower elevations to krummholz in high altitudes with numerous shrubs and herbaceous plants	Pinus albicaulis whitebark pine Pinus balfouriana foxtail pine Pinus contorta lodgepone pine	Aquilegia pubescens Castilleja culbertsonii Eriogonum incanum Pedicularis attolens Pentstemon heterodoxus Pinus flexilis Potentilla breweri Ribes cereum Salix petrophila
9 Pine-Cypress Forest	Rather dense forest of low to medium tall needleleaf evergreen trees	Cupressus goveniana Gowen cypress Cupressus macrocarpa Monterey cypress Pinus contorta lodgepone (beach) pine Pinus muricata bishop pine Pinus radiata Monterey pine	Arctostaphylos nummularia Ledum glandulosum Xerophyllum tenax

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
10 Western Ponderosa Forest	Medium dense to open forest of tall needleleaf evergreen trees with a fairly open ground cover of grasses and occasional shrubs	Pinus ponderosa ponderosa pine	Achillea millefolium var. lanulosa Agropyron spicatum Arctostaphylos nevadensis (southern part) Arctostaphylos uva ursi Carex geyeri Festuca idahoensis Hieracium spp. Lupinus spp. Poa secunda Purshia tridentata Symphoricarpos albus (northern part)
11 Douglas Fir Forest	Medium dense forest of medium tall needleleaf evergreen trees	Pseutotsuga menziesii Douglas fir	Abies concolor Larix occidentalis Physocarpus malvaceus Picea pungens Picea glauca (northern part) Pinus contorta Pinus ponderosa (lower elevations) Populus tremuloides
12 Cedar-Hemlock-Pine Forest	Tall evergreen needleleaf forest, often very dense	Pinus monticola western white pine Thuja plicata western red cedar Tsuga heterophylla western hemlock	Abies grandis Larix occidentalis Pinus ponderosa (lower elevations) Pseutotsuga menziesii

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
13 Grand Fir-Douglas Fir	Tall, needleleaf evergreen forest	Abies grandis grand fir Pseutotsuga menziesii Douglas fir	Larix occidentalis Pinus monticola Populus tremuloides
14 Western Spruce-Fir Forest	Dense to open forests of low to medium tall needleleaf evergreen trees; open forests with a synusia of shrubs and herbaceous plants	Abies lasiocarpa subalpine fir Picea engelmannii Engelmann spruce	Arctostaphylos uva ursi Arnica cordifolia Calamagrostis canadensis Carex spp. Larix lyallii Menziesia ferruginea Pinus albicaulis (northern part) Pinus contorta Populus tremuloides Pseutotsuga menziesii (lower elevations) Shepherdia canadensis Symphoricarpos albus Tsuga mertensiana (western part) Vaccinium spp. Xerophyllum tenax
15 Eastern Ponderosa Forest	Medium dense to open forest of low to medium tall needleleaf evergreen trees with a fairly open ground cover of grasses	Pinus ponderosa ponderosa pine	Agropyron smithii Bouteloua gracilis Stipa comata

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
16 Black Hills Pine Forest	Open to dense forests of tall needleleaf evergreen trees, often with much undergrowth	Pinus ponderosa ponderosa pine Pseutotsuga menziesii Douglas fir	Acer glabrum Alnus tenuifolia Aristida spp. Blepharoneuron tricholepis Ceanothus fendleri Chamaebatiaria millefolium Festuca arizonica Holodiscus dumosus Jamesia americana Juniperus communis var. montana Picea pungens Pinus flexilis Prunus emarginata Ribes spp. Salix spp.
17 Pine-Douglas Fir Forest	Open to dense forests of tall needleleaf evergreen trees, often with much undergrowth	Pinus ponderosa ponderosa pine Pseutotsuga menziesii Douglas fir	Acer glabrum Alnus tenuifolia Aristida spp. Blepharoneuron tricholepis Ceanothus fendleri Chamaebatiaria millefolium Festuca arizonica Holodiscus dumosus Jamesia americana Juniperus communis var. montana Picea pungens Pinus flexilis Prunus emarginata Ribes spp. Salix spp.
18 Arizona Pine Forest	Open to dense forest of needleleaf evergreen trees, medium tall or tall, frequently with a herbaceous ground cover	Pinus ponderosa ponderosa pine	Aristida spp. Blepharoneuron tricholepis Ceanothus fendleri Festuca arizonica Holodiscus dumosus Muhlenbergia montana Physocarpus monogynus Pinus cembroides (southern part) Pinus flexilis (upper elevations) Pinus leiophylla var. chihuahuana (southern part) Poa fendleriana Pseutotsuga menziesii (upper elevations) Quercus gambelii Stipa spp.

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
19 Spruce-Fir-Douglas Fir Forest	Open to dense forest of low to medium tall needleleaf evergreen trees with an admixture of broadleaf deciduous low trees and shrubs	Abies concolor white fir Picea pungens blue spruce Pseutotsuga menziesii Douglas fir	Acer glabrum Amelanchier alnifolia Chamaebatiaria millefolium Pachystima myrsinites Physocarpus malvacea Populus tremuloides Prunus virginiana Sambucus glauca Symphoricarpos vaccinoides
20 Southwestern Spruce-Fir Forest	Dense to open stands of low to medium tall needleleaf evergreen trees	Abies lasiocarpa var. arizonica corkbark fir Picea engelmannii Engelmann spruce	Abies lasiocarpa Acer glabrum Juniperus communis Pachystima myrsinites Pinus aristata Pinus flexilis Populus tremuloides Ribes spp. Salix bebbiana Sambucus racemosa Symphoricarpos vaccinoides
21 juniper-Pinyon Woodland	Open groves of low needleleaf evergreen trees with varying admixtures of shrubs and herbaceous plants	Juniperus monosperma oneseed juniper Juniperus osteosperma Utah juniper Pinus edulis pinyon pine (more in eastern part) Pinus monophylla oneleaf pine (more in western part)	Agropyron smithii Artemisia tridentata (not in southern part) Juniperus occidentalis Artemisia arbuscula Balsamorrhiza sagittata Festuca idahoensis Lithospermum ruderale Lupinus sericeus Poa secunda Purshia tridentata Sitanion spp.

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
22 Oregon Oakwoods	Broadleaf deciduous forests of medium tall trees, often with an undergrowth of grass and some shrubs	Quercus garryana Oregon white oak	Agrostis tenuis Amelanchier spp. Arbutus menziesii (southern part) Bromus laevipes Danthonia californica Elymus glaucus Festuca californica Festuca rubra Melica bulbosa Rhus diversiloba
23 Mesquite Bosques	Open to dense forests of low, broadleaf deciduous trees	Prosopis juliflora var. velutina mesquite	Acacia greggii Baccharis emoryi Baccharis glutinosa Cercidium floridum Clematis neomesicana Cucurbita digitata Cucurbita foetidissima Dalea spinosa Hymenoclea monogyra Lycium spp. Olneya tesota Populus fremontii Prosopis pubescens Salix gooddingii
24 Mosaic of Cedar-Hemlock-Douglas Fir Forest (2) and Oregon Oakwoods (26)

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
25 California Mixed Evergreen Forest	Medium tall to tall broadleaf and needleleaf evergreen forest with an admixture of broadleaf deciduous trees	Arbutus menziesii madrone Castanopsis chrysophylla golden chinquapin Lithocarpus densiflorus tanbark oak Pseutotsuga menziesii Douglas fir Quercus chrysolepis canyon live oak Quercus wislizenii interior live oak Umbellularia californica California laurel	Acer macrophyllum Aesculus californica Arctostaphylos manzanita Ceanothus aprryi Ceanothus thyrsiflorus Cornus nutallii Quercus douglasii Quercus garryana Quercus kelloggii
26 California Oakwoods	Medium tall or low broadleaf evergreen or semideciduous forests with an admixture of low to medium tall needleleaf evergreen trees	Pinus coulteri Coulter pine (higher elevations) Pinus sabiniana digger pine Quercus agrifolia coast live oak Quercus chrysolepis canyon live oak Quercus douglasii blue oak Quercus lobata valley oak Quercus wislizenii interior live oak	Aesculus californica Ceanothus cuneatus Cercis occidentalis Eriodyction californicum Juglans californica (southern part) Quercus englemannii (southern part) Rhamnus californica Rhus integrifolia (southern part) Rhus ovata (southern part) Ribes quercetorum Umbellularia californica
27 Oak-juniper Woodland	Low open to dense forest of broadleaf and needleleaf evergreen trees and varying undergrowth	Juniperus deppeana alligator juniper Juniperus monosperma oneseed juniper Quercus emoryi Emory oak Quercus oblongifolia Mexican blue oak (western part)	Arctostaphylos pungens Bouteloua curtipendula Bouteloua gracilia Bouteloua hirsuta Ceanothus spp. Cowania mexicana Dasylirion wheeleri Garrya spp. Nolina microcarpa Nolina texana Pinus cembroides (higher elevations) Pinus leiophylla var. chihuahuana (higher elevations) Quercus grisea Quercus hypoleucoides Quercus turbinella Quercus undulata Rhus choriophylla Rhus microphylla Yucca schottii

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
28 Transition between Oak-Juniper Woodland (27) and Mountain Mahogany-Oak Scrub (31)
29 Chaparral	Very dense vegetation of broadleaf evergreen sclerophyll shrubs	Adenostoma fasciculatum chamise Arctostaphylos spp. manzanita Ceanothus spp. California lilac	Arctostaphylos glandulosa Arctostaphylos glauca (southern part) Arctostaphylos manzanita (northern part) Arctostaphylos parryana Arctostaphylos pungens (southern part) Arctostaphylos viscida (northern part) Ceanothus cuneatus Ceanothus foliosus Ceanothus impressus Ceanothus integerrimus Ceanothus leucodermis Ceanothus sorediatus Ceanothus spinosus Ceanothus thyrsiflorus Ceanothus velutinus Cercocarpus betuloides Fremontia californica Heteromeles arbutifolia Pickeringia montant Prunus ilicifolia Quercus dumosa Rhamnus californica Rhamnus corcea Trichostema lanatum Yucca whipplei (southern part) Pinus lambertiana Pinus ponderosa Quercus kellogii Quercus vaccinifolia
30 Coastal Sagebrush	Moderately dense vegetation of broadleaf evergreen shrubs, rarely more than 1.5 meters tall	Eriogonum fasciculatum California buckwheat Salvia apiana white sage Salvia mellifera black sage	Artemisia californica Encelia californica Eriophyllum confertiflorum Haplopappus squarrosus Haplopappus venetus Horkelia cuneata Rhus integrifolia Salvia leucophylla

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
31 Mountain Mahogany-Oak Scrub	Dense to open vegetation of deciduous or semideciduous shrubs	Cercocarpus ledifolius mountain mahogany Quercus gambelii Gamble oak	Acer grandidentatum Amelanchier utahensis Arctostaphylos spp. Ceanothus velutinus Cowania mexicana Fallugia paradoxa Pachystima myrsinites Physocarupu malvaceus Purshia trindentata Quercus harvardii Quercus turbinella Quercus undulata Rhus trilobata Symphoricarpos spp.
32 Great Basin Sagebrush	Fairly dense to open vegetation of low to medium tall shrubs	Artemisia tridentata big sagebrush	Agropyron smithii (northern part) Artemisia nova Atriplex confertifolia (southern part) Astragalus spp. (southern part) Chrysothamnus spp. (southern part) Coleogyne spp. (southern part) Ephedra spp. Eriogonum spp. Lupinus spp. Phacelia spp. Tetradynia spp.
33 Blackbrush	Dense to open stands of broadleaf evergreen shrubs, frequently with an open understory of grass	Coleogyne ramosissima blackbrush	Artemisia tridentata Ephedra spp. Gutierrezia sarothrae Haplopappus linearifolius Hilaria jamesii

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
34 Saltbrush-Greasewood	Open stands of low shrubs and dwarf shrubs	Atriplex confertifolia shadscale Sarcobatus vermiculatus greasewood	Allenrolifea occidentalis Artemisia spinescens Atriplex spp. Distichlis spicatum Eurotia lanata Grayia spinosa Kochia anericana Lycium cooperi Menodora spinescens (western part) Suaeda torreyana
35 Creosote	Open stands of low to medium tall shrubs and dwarf shrubs	Larrea divaricata creosote bush	Baccharis sergiloides Encelia farinosa Franseria dumosa Lycium andersonii Sphaeralcea ambigua
36 Creosote Bush-Bur Sage	Open stands of shrubs and dwarf shrubs	Franseria dumosa white bur sage Larrea divaricata creosote bush	Acacia greggii Cercidium floridum Cercidium microphyllum Dalea californica Dalea spinosa Encelia farinosa Ferrocactus acanthodes Fouquiera splendens Franseria deltoidea Hilaria rigida Lycium brevipes Olneya tesota Opuntia echinocarpa Opuntia ramosissima Opuntia wrightiana Prosopis juliflora var. velutina

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
37 Palo Verde-Cactus Shrub	Open to dense vegetation of shrubs and low trees, often with many succulants	Cercidium microphyllum Palo verde Opuntia spp. prickly pear	Acacia constricta Acacia greggii Calliandra eriophyllua Celtis pallida Cercidium floridum Cereus giganteus Condalia lycioides Condalia spathulata Echinocereus engelmannii Encelia farinosa Ephedra trifurca Ferocactus wislizenii Fouquiera splendens Franseria deltoidea Franseria fomosa Janusia gracilis Jatrophya cardiophylla Larrea divaricata Lycium spp. Olneya tesota Opuntia engelmannii Opuntia fulgida Opuntia spinosior Opuntia versicolor Prosopis juliflora var. velutina Simmondsia chinensis
38 Ceniza Shrub	Open to dense stands of broadleaf deciduous and evergreen shrubs with a patchy synusia of grass	Larrea divaricata creosote bush Leucophyllum frutescens ceniza Prosopis juliflora var. glandulosa mesquite	Acacia spp. Bouteloua spp. Cercidium macrum Condalia spp. Dasylirion leiophyllum Hilaria mutica Opuntia spp. Scleropogon brevifloius
39 Desert Vegetation largely absent

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
40 Fescue-Oatgrass	Dense, medium tall meadow-like grassland	Carex tumulicola sedge Danthonia californica oatgrass Deschampsia holciformis hairgrass Festuca idahoensis Idaho fescue	Agrostis hallii Brodiaea pulchella Calamagrostis nutakensis Calochortus luteus Chrysopsis bolanderi Grindelia hirsutula Iris douglasiana Lupinus formosus Lupinus variicolor Pteridium aquilinum var. pubescens Ranunculus californicus Sanicola acrtopoides Sisyrinchium ellum Stipa lepida
41 California Steppe	Dense to medium dense, low to medium tall grassland	Stipa cernus needlegrass Stipa pulchra speargrass	Aristida divaricata Avena spp. (annual species only) Bromus (annual species only) Elymus glaucus Elymus triticoides Eschscholtzia californica Festuca (annual species only) Gilia spp. Lupinus bicolor Lupinus luteolus Melica spp. Orthocarpus spp. Plagiogothrys nothofulvus Poa scabrella Sisyrinchium bellum Stipa coronata (southern part) Stipa lepida
42 Tule Marshes	Tall graminoid vegetation	Scirpus acutus common tule Scirpus californicus California bulrush Scirpus olneyi Olneyi bulrush Scirpus validus tule Typha domingensis cattail Typha latifolia soft flag, cattail	Carex senta Heleocharis palustris Typha angustifolia

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
43 Fescue-Wheatgrass	Dense, low to medium tall grassland	Agropyron spicatum bluebunch wheatgrass Festuca idahoensis Idaho fescue	Achille millefolium var. lanulosa Artemisia tripartita Cllinsia parviflora Hieracium albertinum Lupinus sericeus Potentilla balschkeana Rosa nutkana Rosa woodsii Symphoricarpos albus
44 Wheatgrass-Bluegrass	Dense, low to medium tall grassland	Agropyron spicatum bluebunch wheatgrass Festuca idahoensis Idaho fescue Poa secunda sandberg bluegrass	Achille millefolium var. lanulosa Astragalus spp. Chrysothamnus nauseosus Draba verna Festuca pacifica Lithophragma bulbifera Lupinus sericeus Plantago purshii Stellaria nitens
45 Alpine Meadows and Barren	Low to medium tall grassland with few woody plants	Argostis spp. bentgrass Carex spp. sedges Deschampsia caespitosa hairgrass Festuca viridula fescue Luzula spicata woodrush Phleum alpinum mountain timothy Poa spp. bluegrass Trisetum spicatum spike trisetum	AchiIlea spp. Atennaria spp. Aquilegia spp. Arenaria spp. Castilleja spp. Draba spp. Erigeron compositus Oxyria digyna Pentstemon fruticosus Phacelia spp. Phlox caespitosa Polemonium spp. Polygonum spp. Potentilla diversifolia Salix nivalis Salix spp. Saxifraga spp. Selaginella spp. Sibbaldia procumbens Sieversia turbinata Solidago spp.

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
46 Fescue-Mountain Muhly Prairie	Dense, low to medium tall grassland	Festuca spp. Muhlenbergia spp.
47 Grama-Galleta Steppe	Low to medium tall grassland with few woody plants	Bouteloua gracilis blue grama Hilaria jamesii galleta	Andropogon hallii Andropogon scoparius Artemisis tridentata Astragalus spp. Atriplex canescens Bouteloua curtipendula Bouteloua hirsuta Ephedra viridis Opuntia whipplei Oryzopsis hymenoides Tetradymia spp. Yucca glauca
48 Grama-Tobosa Prairie	Open grassland of rather low growth with scattered succlents, etc.	Bouteloua gracilis blue grama Hilaria mutica tobosa	Bouteloua curtipendula Bouteloua eriopoda Bouteloua hirsuta Gutierrezia spp. Muhlenbergia spp. Opuntia imbricata Tridens pilosus Yucca spp.

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
49 Sagebrush Steppe	Dense to open grassland with dense to open shrub synusia	Agropyron spicatum bluebunch wheatgrass Artemisia tridentata big sagebrush	Artemisia arbuscula (western part)B Artemisia nova (eastern part) Balsamorrhiza sagittata Festuca idahoensis Lithospermum ruderale Lupinus sericeus Oryzopsis hymenoides Phlox spp. Poa nevadensis Poa secunda Purshia tridentata Sitanion spp.
50 Wheatgrass-Needlegrass Shrubsteppe	Open grasslands, sometimes fairly dense, with scattered dwarf shrubs	Agropyron smithii western wheatgrass Artemisia tridentata big sagebrush Poa arida plains bluegrass Stipa comata needle-and-thread grass	Agropyron spicatum Artemisia cana Artemisia frigida Atriplex canescens Atriplex confertifolia Carex filifolia Curotia lanata Koeleria cristata Sarcobatus vermiculatus
51 Galleta-Three Awn Shrubsteppe	Open grassland with low shrubs	Aristida longiseta three awn Artemisia filifolia sandsage Ephedra viridis Mormon tea Hilaria jamesii galleta	Aster cichoriaceus Berberis fremontii Bouteloua gracilis Chrysopsis villosa Chrysothamnus nauseosus Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus Ephedra torreyana Euploca convolvulacea Franseria acanthicarpa Helianthys anomalus Mentzelia pumila Muhlenbergia pungens Monroa squarrosa Oenothera albicaulis Oryzopsis hymenoides Poliomintha incana Quercus undulata Sphaeralcea grossulariaefolia Sporobolus cryptandrus Stephanomeria pauciflora

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
52 Grama-Tobosa Shrubsteppe	Short grasses with a shrub synusia varying from very open to dense	Bouteloua eriopoda black grama Hilaria mutica tobosa Larrea divaricata creosote bush	Acacia constricta Andropogon barbinodis Aristida divaricata Aristida glabrata Aristida hamulosa Aristida longiseta Astragalus spp. Baileya multiradiata Bouteloua curtipendula Bouteloua gracilis Bouteloua spp. Gutierrezia sarothrae Hilaria belangeri Hilaria jamesii Mentzelia spp. Muhlengergia porteri Opuntia spp. Prosopis juliflora var. torreyana Sphaeralcea spp. Sporobolus airoides Sporobolus cryptandrus Sporobolus flexuosus Yucca baccata Yucca elata Zinnia grandiflora Zinnia pumila
53 Trans-Pecos Shrub Savanna	Shrubs and dwarf shrubs, dense to scattered, with short grass	Flourensis cernua tarbush Larrea divaricata creosote bush	Acacia constricta Acacia greggii Agave lechuguilla Aristida spp. Bouteloua breviseta Bouteloua trifida Dasylirion leiophyllum Fouquiera splendens Hilaria mutica Muhlenbergia porteri Muhlenbergia spp. Opuntia spp. Prosopis juliflora var. glandulosa Scleropogon brevifolius Yucca spp.
54 Mesquite-Acacia Oak Savanna	Dense to open grassland with broadleaf deciduous low trees and shrubs scattered singly or in groves	Acacia rigidula blackgrush acacia Andropogon littoralis seacoast bluestem Prosopsis juliflora var. glandulosa Mesquite Setaria macrostachya plains bristle grass	Acacia berlandieri Acacia spp. Andropogon saccharoides Andropogon scoparius (eastern part) Aristida spp. Bouteloua filiformis (western part) Bouteloua hirsuta Buchloe dactyloides Cenchrus myosuroides Chloris spp. Condalia spp. Heteropogon contortus Hilaria belangeri Opuntia spp. Pappophorum bicolor Paspalum spp. Sorghastrum nutans Quercus virginiana Trichloris spp.

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
55 Mesquite-Live Oak Savanna	Rather open medium tall grass with low to medium tall broadleaf evergreen trees and low broadleaf deciduous trees and shrubs, scattered singly or in groves	Andropogon littoralis seacoast bluestem Prosopis juliflora var. glandulosa mesquite Quercus virginiana var. maritima sand live oak	Aristida roemeriana Heteropogon contortus Panicum virgatum Paspalum spp. Sorghastrum nutans Trachypogon secundus
56 Foothills Prairie	Open to fairly dense grassland of usually rather short grasses	Agropyron spicatum bluebunch wheatgrass Festuca idahoensis Idaho fescue Festuca scabrella rough fescue Stipa comata needle-and-thread grass	Achillea millefolium Agropyron smithii Artemisia frigida Bouteloua gracilis Carex filifolia Eriogonum spp. Koeleria cristata Pentstemon spp. Poasecunda
57 Grama-Needlegrass-Wheatgrass	Rather short, open to fairly dense grassland	Agropyron smithii western wheatgrass Bouteloua gracilis blue grama Stipa comata needle-and-thread grass	Agropyron spicatum Andropogon scoparius Artemisia frigida Carex filifolia Chrysopsis villosa Gutierrezia sarothrae Koeleria cristata Liatris punctata Muhlenbergia cuspidata Poa secunda Stipa viridula

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
58 Grama-Buffalo Grass	Fairly dense grassland of short grass with somewhat taller grasses in the eastern sections	Bouteloua gracilis blue grama Buchloe dactyloides buffalo grass	Agropyron smithii Aristida purpurea Bouteloua curtipendula Bouteloua hirsuta Gaura coccinea Grindelia squarrosa Haplopappus spinulosus Lycurus phleoides Muhlenbergia torreyi Opuntia spp. (southern part) Plantago purshii Psoralea tenuiflora Ratibida columinifera Senecio spp. Sitanion hystrix Sphaeralcea coccinea Sporobolus cryptandrus Yucca glauca Zinnia grandiflora
59 Wheatgrass-Needlegrass	Moderately dense, short or medium tall grassland	Agropyron smithii western wheatgrassB Bouteloua gracilis blue grama Stipa comata needle-and-thread grass Stipa viridula green needlegrass (not in CO)	Agropyron trachycaulum Antennaria spp. Artemisia frigida Carex spp. Koeleria cristata Mertensia spp. Oryzopsis hymenoides Pentstemon spp. Plains only: Andropogon scoparius Artemisia dranuncula Artemisia ludoviciana Aster ericoides Echinacea angustifolia Liatris punctata Psoralea argophylla Solidage spp. Stipa spartea Colorado only: Chrysothamnus viscidiflorus Festuca arizonica Muhlenbergia montana Tetradymia canescens
60 Wheatgrass-Bluestem-Needlegrass	Dense, medium tall to tall grassland	Agropyron smithii western wheatgrass Agropyron gerardi big bluestem Stipa spartea needlegrass	Agropyron trachycaulum Andropogon scoparius Artemisia frigida A. ludoviciana Aster ericoides Bouteloua curtipendula Bouteloua gracilis Echinacea angustifolia Koeleria cristata Liatris punctata Psoralea argophylla Rosa arkansana Solidago missouriensis Solidago mollis Stipa comata Stipa viridula

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
61 Wheatgrass-Grama-Buffalo Grass	Short to medium tall grasses	Agropyron smithii western wheatgrass Bouteloua gracilis blue grama Buchloe dactyloides buffalo grass
62 Bluestem-Grama Prairie	Dense, medium tall grassland with many forbs	Andropogon scoparius little bluestem Bouteloua curtipendula side-oats grama Bouteloua gracilis blue grama	Agropyron smithii Ambrosia stilostachya Amorpha canescens Andropogon gerardi Buchloe dactyloides Clematis fremontii Dalea enneandra Echinacea angustifolia Erysimum asperum Hedeoma hispida Liatris punctata Oenothera serrulata Panicum virgatum Paronychia jamesii Psoralea tenuifolia Scutellaria resinosa Sorghastrum nutans Sporobolus asper Stenosiphon linifolius
63 Sandsage-Bluestem Prairie	Medium tall, medium dense grassland with strong element of dwarf shrubs	Andropogon hallii sand bluestem Andropogon scoparius little bluestem Artemisia filifolia sandsage Bouteloua hirsuta hairy grama	Bouteloua gracilis Buchloe dactyloides Calamovilfa longifolia Eragrostis trichodes Helianthus petiolaris Hordeum jubatum Panicum virgatum Redfieldia flexuosa Sporobolus cryptandrus Stipa comata Yucca glauca

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
64 Shinnery	Midgrass prairie with open to dense broadleaf deciduous shrubs and occasional needleleaf evergreen low trees or shrubs	Andropogon scoparius little bluestem Quercus mohriana shin oak	Acacia spp. Andropogon hallii Aristida spp. Artemisia filifolia Bouteloua gracilis Bouteloua hirsuta Buchloe dactyloides Celtis reticulata Cenchrus spp. Eriogonum annum juniperus pinchotii Prosopis juliflora var. glandulosa Prunus angustifolia Quercus havardii Rhus aromatica var. pilosissima Rhus trilobata Sorghastrum nutans Sporobolus cryptandrus Yucca glauca
65 Northern Cordgrass Prairie	Usually dense, medium tall grassland	Distichlis spicata seashore saltgrass Spartina alterniflora smooth cordgrass Spartina patens saltmeadow cordgrass	Gerardina maritima juncus gerardi Limonium carolinianum Plantago decipiens Salcornia spp. Triclochin maritima
66 Bluestem Prairie	Dense vegetation of tall grasses and many forbs	Andropogon gerardi big bluestem Andropogon scoparius little bluestem Panicum virgatum switchgrass Sorghastrum nutans Indian grass	Amorpha canescens Antennaria neglecta Aster ericoides Aster laevis Baptisia leucantha Baptisia leucophaea Bouteloua curtipendula Erigeron strigosus Galium tinctorum Helianthus grosseserratus Koeleria cristata Liatris aspera Liatris punctata Liatris scarriosa Panicum leibergii Panicum scribnerianum Phlox pilosa Psoralea argophylla Psoralea floribunda Ratibida columnifera Ratibida pinnata Rosa arkansana Silphium laciniatum Solidago altissima Solidago missouriensis Solidago rigida Sporobolus heterolepis (northern part) Stipa spartea (northern part)

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
67 Sandhills Prairie	Medium dense tc open grassland, tall to medium tall	Andropogon gerardi big bluestem Andropogon hallii sand bluestem Andropogon scoparius little bluestem Calamovilfa longifolia sandreed Stipa comata needle-and-thread grass	Artemisia canadensis Asclepias arenaria Carex heliophila Eragrostis trichodes Erigeron spp. Gilia longifolia Oryzopsis hymenoides Panicum virgatum Petalostemum villosum Sporobolus cryptandrus
68 Blackland Prairie	Medium tall, rather dense grassland	Andropogon scoparius little bluestem Stipa leucotricha Texas needlegrass	Andropogon gerardi Andropogon saccharoides Aristida purpurea Bouteloua curtipendula Bouteloua hirsuta Bouteloua rigidiseta Buchloe dactyloides Panicum virgatum Sorghastrum nutans Sporobolus asper
69 Bluestem-Sacahuista Prairie	Medium tall, rather dense grassland

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
70 Southern Cordgrass Prairie	Medium tall to very tall grassland, often very dense	Spartina alterniflora smooth cordgrass	Carex spp. Distichlis spicata juncus effusus Juncus roemerianus Mariscus jamaicensis Panicum hemitomon Panicum repens Panicum virgatum Phragmites communis Sagittaria spp. Scirpus americanus Scirpus californicus Scirpus olneyi Scirpus validus Spartina cynosuroides Spartina patens Spartina spartinae Typha domingensis Zizaniopsis miliacea
71 Palmetto Prairie	Dense, medium tall grasses with scattered palms and shrubs	Aristida stricta wiregrass Serenoa repens saw palmetto	Andropogon spp. Aristida spiciformis Axonopus compressus Axonopus furcatus Lyonia fruticosa Lyonia mitida Paspalum distichum Sabal palmetto Vaccinium myrsinites
72 Oak Savanna	Tall grass prairie with broadleaf deciduous trees scattered singly or in groves	Andropogon gerardi big bluestem Andropogon scoparius little bluestem Quercus macrocarpa bur oak	Amphicarpa bracteataB Calamovilfa longifolia (in ND) Carya ovata Comandra richardsiana Euphorbia corollata Fraxinus pennsylvanica (in ND) Monadra fistulosa Panicum leibergii Quercus alba Quercus ellipsoidalis Quercus velutina Rosa spp. Sorghastrum nutans Sporobolus heterolepis Stipa spartea

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
73 Mosaic of Oak-Hickory Forest (91) in Bluestem Prairie (66) A true mosaic (not a transition zone) of the two types, containing dominants and other components characteristic of those two types. See the composition descriptions of 66 and 91 for lists of species present in 73.
74 Cedar Glades	Low to medium tall open grassland with scattered needleleaf evergreen shrubs and groves of low to medium tall broadleaf deciduous trees	Celtis laevigata hackberry (eastern part) Juniperus virginiana red cedar Quercus stellata post oak (western part) Sporobolus neglectus poverty grass (western part) Sporobolus vaginiflorus poverty grass (eastern part) Ulmus alata winged elm (eastern part)	Andropogon gerardi Andropogon scoparius Arenaria patula Aristida longispica (eastern part) Bouteloua curtipendula Bumelia lanuginosa Carya glabra Celtis tenuifolia Cercis canadensis Cheilanthes lanosa Croton monanthogynus Forestiera langustrina (eastern part) Leavenworthia spp. Palafoxia callosa Petalostemum purpureum Pleurochaete squarrosa (eastern part) Psoralea spp. Quercus marilandica Quercus muhlenbergii Quercus velutina Rhus aromatica Sedum pulchellum Symphoricarpos orbiculatus
75 Cross Timbers	Medium tall grass with broadleaf deciduous trees scattered singly or in extensive groves	Andropogon scoparius little bluestem Quercus marilandica blackjack oak	Andropogon gerardi Bouteloua curtipendula Bouteloua hirsuta Carya texana Celtis spp. Elymus canadensis Eragostis spectabilis Eragostis trichodes Panicum scribnerianum Panicum virgatum Sorghastrum nutans Sporobolus asper Stipa leucotricha Ulmus crassifolia (southern part)

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
76 Mesquite-Buffalo Grass	Short grass with scattered low broadleaf deciduous trees and shrubs and low needleleaf evergreen shrubs	Buchloe dactyloides buffalo grass Prosopsis juliflora var. glandulosa Mesquite (southern part)	Acacia greggii Aristida purpurea A. roemeriana Bouteloua gracilis Bouteloua hirsuta Bouteloua trifida Condalia obovata Juniperus pinchotii Juniperus virginiana (northeastern part) Quercus virginiana var. fusiformis Schedonnardus paniculatus Yucca glauca
77 Juniper-Oak Savanna	Savanna with a dense to very open synusia of broadleaf deciduous and evergreen low trees and shrubs and needleleaf evergreen low trees and shrubs	Andropogon scoparius little bluestem Juniperus ashei ash juniper Quercus virginiana live oak	Andropogon gerardi (eastern part) Aristida glauca Aristida intermedia Aristida purpurea Bouteloua curtipendula (western part) Bouteloua hirsuta Buchloe dactyloides Cercis canadensis var. texensis (eastern part) Fraxinus texensis Hilaria belangeri (western part) Leptochloa dubia (western part) Panicum obtusum (western part) Quercus durandii var. breviloba Quercus shumardii var. texana Sorghastrum nutans (eastern part) Sporobolus spp. Tridens pilosus
78 Mesquite-Oak Savanna	Low to medium tall grass with broadleaf deciduous shrubs and low trees scattered openly to densely	Andropogon scoparius little bluestem Prosopsis juliflora var. glandulosa Mesquite Quercus spp. oak	Aloysia ligustrina Andropogon barbinodis Aristida purpurea Bouteloua curtipendula Bouteloua hirsuta Bouteloua rigidiseta Brayodendron texanum Buchloe dactyloides Juniperus ashei Quercus marilandica Quercus stellata Ulmus crassifolia

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
79 Fayette Prairie	Medium tall, rather densegrassland with scattered open groves of broadleaf deciduous trees	Andropogon scoparius little bluestem Buchloe dactyloides buffalo grass	Andropogon saccgaroides Andropogon ternarius Aristida purpurea Andropogon roemeriana Paspalum dilatatum Paspalum plicatulum Stipa leucotricha Groves of trees are oak-hickory (91)
80 Blackbelt	Tall or medium tall broadleaf deciduous forest with concentrations of low needleleaf evergreen trees and patches of bluestem prairie (66)	Juniperus virginiana red cedar Liquidambar styraciflua sweetgum Quercus stellata post oak	Carya spp. Fraxinum americana Liriodendron tuliperfera Nyssa sylvatica Quercus alba Quercus falcata Quercus muhlenbergii Ulmus alata
81 Live Oak-Sea Oats	Irregular, varying from open grasslands to dense shrub and groves of low broadleaf evergreen trees	Quercus virginiana var. maritima sand live oak Uniola paniculata sea oats	Baccharis halimifolia Cenchrus tribuloides Croton punctatus Ilex vomitoria Iva frutescens juncus roemerianus Myrica cerifera Myrica pensylvanica Opuntia spp. Panicum amarum Sabal palmetto Salsola kali Serenoa repens Spartina alterniflora Spartina patens Yucca aloifolia

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
82 Cypress Savanna	Open forest to savanna with needleleaf deciduous trees and some broadleaf evergreen or deciduous trees and shrubs; trees and shrubs also occur in groves surrounded by open grassland	Aristida affinia three awn Aristida patula three awn Taxodium distichum bald cypress	Acer rubrum var. drummondii Annona glabra Blechnum serrulatum Cyperus haspan Hypericum fasciculatum Ilex cassine Leersia hexandra Magnolia virginiana Mariscus jamaicensis Myrica cerifera Persea borbonia Rhynchospora filifolia Salix caroliniana Saururus cernuus Spartina bakeri Stillingia aquatica Taxodium distichum var. nutans Tillandsia utriculata Utricularia juncea
83 Everglades Grassland Bayheads	Medium tall to tall grassland with scattered groves (bayheads) of low to medium tall broadleaf evergreen trees and shrubs	Mariscus jamaicensis sawgrass Magnolia virginiana sweet bay Persea borbonia red bay	Aristida affinia Aristida patula Boehmeria cylindrica Cephalanthus occidentalis Eleocharis spp. Eragrostis elliottii Erigeron quercifolius Myrica cerifera Osmunda regalis Panicum hemitomon Peltandra virginica Polygonum acre Pontederia spp. Rhynchospora spp. Sagittaria lancifolia Salix caroliniana Sambucus simpsonii Scirpus spp. Spartina bakeri Typha angustifolia
84 Great Lakes Spruce-Fir Forest	Dense needleleaf evergreen forests, sometimes low but usually medium tall, with modest admixtures of broadleaf deciduous trees	Abies balsamea balsam fir Picea glauca white spruce	Acer rubrum Acer spicatum Betula papyrifera Pinus resinosa Pinus strobus Populus tremuloides Sorbus americana Thuja occidentalis

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
85 Conifer Bog	Dense to open, low to medium tall forests of needleleaf evergreen or deciduous trees, often with dense undergrowth	Larix laricina larch Picea mariana black spruce Thuja occidentalis arbor vitae/white cedar	Acer rubrum Carex spp. Chamaedaphne caliculata Ilex verticillata Kalmia polifolia Ledum groenlandicum Nemopanthus mucronatua Sphagnum spp.
86 Great Lakes Pine Forest	Low to tall needleleaf evergreen forest, often with a synusia of broadleaf deciduous trees and shrubs	Pinus bankaiana Jack pine Pinus resinosa red pine Pinus strobus white pine	Kalmis angustifolia Populus grandidentata Populus tremuloides Quercus alba (southern part) Quercus coccinea Quercus ellipsoidalis Quercus rubra Quercus velutina
87 Northeastern Spruce-Fir Forest	Dense needleleaf evergreen forest, low to medium tall, with stunted growth in high altitudes, with a modest mixture of broadleaf deciduous trees	Abies balsamea balsam fir Picea rubens red spruce	Acer rubrum Betula papyrifera Betula populifolia Populus grandidentata Populus tremuloides Sorbus americana

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
88 Southeastern Spruce-Fir Forest	Dense needleleaf evergreen low to medium tall forest, often with shrubby undergrowth	Abies fraseri Fraser fir Picea rubens red spruce	Acer spicatum Rhododendron catawbiense Rhubus canadensis Sorbus americana
89 Northern Floodplain Forest	Low to tall broadleaf deciduous forest, open to dense, often with lianas	Populus deltoides cottonwood Salix nigra black willow Ulmus americana American elm	Acer negundo Acer rubrum Acer saccharinum Betula nigra (eastern part) Celastrus scandens Celtis occidentalis Clematis virginiana Fraxinus americana Fraxinu pennsylvanica Gleditsia triacanthos Juglans nigra (southern part) Parthenocissus quinquefolia Platanus occidentalis (southern part) Populus sargentii Rhus radicans Salix amygdaloides Salix interior Smila hispida Symphoricarpos orbiculatus Ulmus rubra
90 Maple-Basswood Forest	Medium tall, broadleaf deciduous forest	Acer saccharum sugar maple TiIia americana basswood	Acer negundo Carya cordiformis Fraxinus pennsylvanica Ostrya virginiana Quercus macrocarpa Quercus rubra Ulmus americana Ulmus rubra

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
91 Oak-Hickory Forest	Medium to tall broadleaf deciduous forest	Carya cordiformis bitternut hickory Carya ovata shagbark hickory Quercus alba white oak Quercus rubra northern red oak Quercus velutina black oak	Carya glabra Carya texana (southern part) Carya tomentosa (southern part) Fraxinus americana Juglans nigra Prunus serotina Quercus ellipsoidalis (northern part) Quercus falcata (southern part) Quercus imbricaria (northern part) Quercus lyrata (southern part) Quercus marilandica (southern part) Quercus muhlenbergii Quercus shumardii (southern part) Quercus stellata (southern part) Tilia americana Ulmus americana
92 Ponderosa Shrub Forest	Moderately dense to open forests of tall needleleaf evergreen trees with shrubs and some grasses	Pinus ponderosa ponderosa pine	Agropyron spicatum Arctostaphylos patula Arctostaphylos parryans var. pinetorum Calamagrostis rubescens Ceanothus velutinus Cercocarpus ledifolius Festuca idahoensis Holodiscus discolor Physocarpus capitatus Pseudotusga menziesii Purshia tridentata Symphoricarpos spp.
93 Beech-Maple	Forest Tal I broadleaf deciduous forest	Acer saccharum sugar maple Fagus grandifolia beech Fraxinus pennsylvanica white ash Ulmus americana American elm	Aesculus glabra (southern part) Carya ovata Fraxinus americana Juglans nigra Liriodendron tulipifera Prunus serotina Quercus alba Tilia americana Ulmus americana Ulmus rubra

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
94 Mixed Mesophytic Forest	TalI broadleaf deciduous forest	Acer saccharum sugar maple Aesculus octandra buckeye Fagus grandifolia beech Liriodendron tulipifera tulip poplar Quercus alba white oak Quercus rubra northern red oak Tilia heterophylla basswood	Acer nigrum Acer pensylvanicum Acer rubrum Amelanchier arborea Betula allegheniensis Betula lenta Carpinus caroliniana Cornus florida Fraxinus americana Halesia carolina var. monticola (southern part) Ilex opaca Juglans nigra Magnolia acuminata Magnolia fraseri Magnolia macrophylla (southern part) Magnolia tripetala Nyssa sylvatica Ostrya virginiana Oxydendrum arboreum Prunus serotina Tilia americana Tsuga canadensis (northern part)
95 Appalachian Oak Forest	Tall broadleaf deciduous forest	Quercus alba white oak Quercus rubra northern red oak	Acer rubrum Acer saccharum Betula lenta Carpinus caroliniana Carya cordiformis Carya glabra Carya tomentosa Castanea dentata Fagus grandifolia Liriodendron tulipifera Pinus strobus (northern part) Quercus coccinea Quercus ilicifolia Quercus muhlenbergii Quercus prinus Quercus velutina Tsuga canadensis (northern part)
96 Mangrove	Usually dense growth of broadleaf evergreen shrubs and low to medium tall trees with stilt roots, with patches of tropical forest, esp. on the Florida Keys	Avicennia nitida black mangrove Rhizophora mangle red mangrove	Batis maritima Conocarpus erectus Laguncularia racemosa Salicornia perennis Patches of tropical forest include: Bursera simaruba Coccoloba diversifolia Dipholis salicifolia Drypetes diversifolia Exothea paniculata Ficus aurea Lysiloma bahamensis Nectandra coriacea Piscidia piscipula Sapindus saponaria Sideroxylon foetidissima Simarouba glauca Swietenia mahogoni

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
97 Northern Hardwoods	Tall, broadleaf deciduous forest with a mixture of needleleaf evergreen trees	Acer saccharum sugar maple Betula allegheniensis yellow birch Fagus grandifolia beech Tsuga canadensis hemlock	Acer pensylvanicum Acer rubrum Acer spicatum Fraxinus americana Kalmia latifolia Pinus strobus Prunus serotina Taxus canadensis Tilia americana Ulmus americana
98 Northern Hardwoods-Fir Forest	Dense medium tall forests of broadleaf deciduous and needleleaf evergreen trees	Abies balsamea balsam fir Acer saccharum sugar maple Betula papyrifera paper birch Tsuga canadensis hemlock	Acer rubrum Acer spicatum Betula allegheniensis Fagus grandifolia Picea glauca Pinus resinosa Pinus strobus Tilia americana
99 Northern Hardwoods-Spruce Forest	Tall, dense forest of broadleaf deciduous and needleleaf evergreen trees	Acer saccharum sugar maple Betula allegheniensis yellow birch Fagus grandifolia beech Picea rubens red spruce Tsuga canadensis hemlock	Abies balsamea Acer rubrum Acer spicatum Betula papyrifera Pinus strobus Pinus resinosa Tillia americana Viburmum alnifolium

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
100 Northeastern Oak-Pine Forest	Medium tall forest of broadleaf deciduous and needleleaf evergreen trees; in places forest is low, even shrubby	Pinus rigida pitch pine Quercus coccinea scarlet oak Quercus velutina black oak	Gaylussacia baccata Kalmia angustifolia Kalmia latifolia Pinus echinata Quercus marilandica Quercus prinus Quercus stellata
101 Oak-Hickory-Pine Forest	Medium tall to tall forest of broadleaf deciduous and needleleaf evergreen trees	Carya spp. hickory Pinus echinata shortleaf pine Pinus taeda loblolly pine Quercus alba white oak Quercus stellata post oak	Carya cordiformis Carya glabra Carya ovata Carya tomentosa Cornus florida Diospyros virginiana Liquidambar styraciflua Liriodendron tuliperfera Nyssa sylvatica Oxydendrum arboreum Persea borbonia (lower elevations) Persea virginiana Quercus coccinea Quercus falcata Quercus marilandica Quercus prinus Quercus rubra Quercus shumardii Quercus velutina
102 Southern Mixed Forest	Tall forest of broadleaf deciduous and evergreen and needleleaf trees	Fagus grandifolia beech (not in central FL) Liquidambar styraciflua sweetgum Magnolia grandiflora southern magnolia Pinus elliotti slash pine Pinus taeda loblolly pine Quercus alba white oak Quercus laurifolia laurel oak	Acer barbatum Carpinus caroliniana (not in central FL) Carya clabra (northern part) Carya tomentosa (northern part) Cornus florida Ilex glabra Ilex opaca Liriodentron tuliperifera (not in central FL) Myric cerifera Ostrya virginiana (not in central FL) Persea borbonia Pinus echinata (northern part) Pinus palustris Quercus falcata Quercus incana Quercus laevis Quercus marilandica Quercus stellata Quercus virginiana (FL and coastal regions) Sabal palmetto (eastern part) Serenoa repens

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
103 Southern floodplain forest	Dense, medium tall to tall forest of broadleaf deciduous and evergreen trees and shrubs and needleleaf deciduous trees	Nyssa aquatica tupelo Quercus spp. oak Taxodium distichum bald cypress	Acer rubrum var. drummondii Ampelopsis arborea Berchemia scandens Campsis radicans Carya aquatica Carya illinoensis Celtis laevigata Foresteria acuminata Fraxinus caroliniana Fraxinus profunda Gleditsia aquatica Ilex decidua Liquidambar stryaciflua Nyssa silvatica Nyssa silvatica var. biflora Persea borbonia Planera aquarica Platanus occidetalis Populus deltoides Populus heterophylla Quercus falcata var. pagodaefolia Quercus lyrata Quercus michauxii Quercus migra Quercus shumardii Salix nigra Ulmus americana Vitis spp.
104 Pocosin	Low open forests of needleleaf evergreen trees and broadleaf evergreen low trees and shrubs and much moss	Ilex glabra gall berry Pinus serotina pond pine	Cyrilla racemiflora Gordonia lasianthus Magnolia virginiana Myrica cerifera Persea borbonia Smilax laurifolia Sphagnum spp.

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components

Type	Description	Dominants	Other Components
105 Sand Pine Scrub	Open woodland of low needleleaf evergreen trees and broadleaf deciduous or evergreen trees and shrubs	Pinus clausa sand pine Quercus chapmanii Chapman oak Quercus myrtifolia myrtle oak Quercus virginiana var. maritima sand live oak	Bumelia tenax Carya floridana Ceratiola ericoides Chrysopsis graminifolia Cladonia pycnocladia Garberia fruticosa Lyonia ferruginea Osmanthus americanus Rhynchospora dodocandra Serenoa repens
106 Subtropical Pine Forest	Medium tall forest of needleleaf and broadleaf evergreen trees and shrubs	Pinus elliottii var. densa South Florida slash pine	Chiococca pinetorum Coccothrinax argentata Guettarda elliptica Guettarda scabra Metopium toxiferum Myrica cericera Tetrazygia bicolor

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